The Theological Presuppositions of the Methods for Critiquing the Hadith of Ghadir in Theological Sources

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Studies, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

This paper aims to demonstrate, through content analysis, that Muslim theologians (mutakallimūn) employ similar methods of justification at the level of verification. However, their understandings are not identical, and theoretical competition persists. Contemplating the roots of these interpretive differences reveals that their theological presuppositions are the most significant pretext, context and reason for this multiplicity of opinions and its continuity. By examining the theological sources of both major Islamic schools (Shi'a and Sunni), eight theological principles can be identified from various perspectives. The most important of these are: the role of reason in recognizing the intrinsic good and evil of actions, and consequently, the issue of Divine Justice and the Most Expedient System (al-aṣlaḥ); whether Imamate is a divine or human institution; and the conditions of the Imam and the method of his appointment. The way out of the impasse of the mentioned disagreement is not merely to rely on the level of justification—which, as evidenced by theological texts, is largely a product of repetition—but more importantly, to re-examine the presuppositions concerning 1) their degree of validity, 2) the extent of their layered interconnections, and 3) determining the role of each one in forming the outer layer (of doctrine).
 

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References

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