A Critical Examination of Muslim Theologians’ Perspectives and the School of Segregation Concerning the Verses on “Resurrection from the Grave”: A Refutation of Imaginal Resurrection Through the Lens of Apparent Meaning of Quranic Verses

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student in Theology and Islamic Studies, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Institute for Strategic Insights of Islam, Ma'aref Hawzeh Elmiyeh (Islamic Seminary), Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

he concept of bodily resurrection has historically served as a pivotal topic among Muslim theologians and philosophers. Drawing upon certain explicit meanings derived from Quranic verses and selected traditions, theologians and advocates of the School of Segregation [between Reason and Revelation] (Maktab-i Tafkīk) assert that the resurrection of the body is elemental in nature. A significant subset of verses referenced by these theologians and proponents to support their claim that the posthumous body is elemental and of the same essence as the earthly body pertains to those discussing “resurrection from the grave.” At first glance, these verses appear to challenge the notion of imaginal resurrection as articulated by Sadra, suggesting that individuals will ultimately rise from their graves to enter the afterlife. The interpretation of “resurrection from the grave” by theologians and proponents of the School of Segregation denotes an “elemental body.” They contend that what transcends into the afterlife is a human being who has reverted to an elemental form, thereby gaining access to the realm of the afterlife.
This article adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, focusing solely on the apparent meanings of the Holy Quran, engaging in an interpretive methodology that examines the Quran through its own texts. It criticizes and analyzes the theories posited by both the theologians and the School of Segregation, while concurrently evaluating Sadra’s philosophical framework. Ultimately, the findings indicate that Sadra’s interpretation regarding the concept of the grave, as well as his understanding of the verses pertaining to resurrection from the grave, is more congruent with the apparent meanings of the Holy Quran. In contrast, the theories advanced by the theologians and the School of Segregation not only fail to align with the explicit meanings of the verses but also diverge from them, resulting in interpretations that lack a solid foundation. 

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