Examining the Function of the Eternal Necessity of the Truth of Existence and Its Ontological Requirements in Explaining Attribute Monotheism

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Hikmat Ta'alaye, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Wisdom, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Wisdom, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran .

3 Professor, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Wisdom, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

This paper examines the function of the "Eternal Necessity of the Reality of Existence" (darurat al-azliyyah) and its ontological implications and ramifications for the "Attribute Unity of the Necessary Being." The "Eternal Necessity of the Reality of Existence" signifies that the reality of existence is not restricted, qualified, or conditioned by any limit, mode, or condition. This reality necessarily possesses only one referent, which is the "Existence of the Necessary Being"; for the existence of the Necessary Being is not conditioned by "restrictive" (taqyidiyyah) or "causal" (ta’liliyyah) qualifications, nor is it even restricted by the "condition of absoluteness" (qayd al-itlaq). ​According to this definition, the "Eternal Necessity of the Reality of Existence" entails ramifications such as: the "infinitude and existential absoluteness of the reality of existence"; the "subsistent concomitance (ma’iyyat al-qayyumiyyah) of the reality of existence with its manifestations"; the "all-perfection (kull al-kamal) of the reality of existence"; the "all-perfection of the manifestations of the reality of existence"; and the "realization of connective unity (wahdat al-ittisali) in being." Attending to the function of this principle and its ramifications plays a crucial role in providing a precise definition of "Attribute Unity" and its core components, including the "identity of the attributes with the Essence of the Necessary Being" and the "identity of the attributes with one another." Accordingly, it can be claimed that just as the Necessary Being is "Unitary in Essence" (ahadi al-dhat), He is also "Unitary in Attributes" (ahadi al-sifat). Furthermore, by accepting principles such as the "Primacy of Existence" (asalat al-wujud), the "Unity of Existence" (wahdat al-wujud), and the "possibility of abstracting multiple concepts and meanings from a single reality," the attribute-unitariness of the Necessary Being remains perfectly compatible with the plurality and multiplicity of His attributes.

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References

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