The Relation between “Simple Reality” Rule and “the Soul, Whole faculties” in Sadra’s Philosophy

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Mohaghegh ardabili

Abstract

Simplexity is a perfection attribute and determines the existential rank to which it belongs. The scope of this attribute in God is expressed in terms of the “simple reality is everything and in the meantime it is none” while in the human soul it is expressed through “the soul in its unity is whole faculties”. The importance of explaining the relationship between the two rules is that it is a way of knowing God through one’s soul. In addition, it reasonably illustrates the causal relationship between God and the universe as well as the soul. The problem is to determine the relationship between the two rules in terms of concept and representation. In Sadra’s philosophy the soul is the God’s successor and His great representation and there are both similarities and differences between them while maintaining their hierarchies. Similarly, the “simple reality” rule is an alternative of the “whole faculties” rule.   Given the above, there are special existential and epistemic issues between these two rules which are elaborated on in this paper.
 

Keywords


1. The Holy Quran.
2. Afsharpour, Mojtaba, (2015), "How to Know God through Self - Knowledge in Explaining: “One who Knows his Self will Know the God”", Journal of Islamic Wisdom and Philosophy, Autumn & Winter, No. 45.
3. Ahmad Ibn Faris Ibn Zakaria, (2000), Dictionary of Comparative Language, Beirut: Dar Al-Ahya Al-Tarath Al-Arabi.
4. Akhavan Al-Safa, (1990), Al Rasael Akhavan Al-Safa and Khalan Al-Wafa, Beirut: Al-Dar Al-Islamiyah.
5. Asadi, Alireza, (2013), "Study of the Process of Self-fulfillment from Mulla Sadra's Point of Views" , Philosophical knowledge, Spring, No. 39.
6. Azizi, Ramin and Ebrahimi, Hassan, (2018), "The Relationship between Soul and Strength in Viewpoints of Mulla Sadra and Agha Ali Zenozi", Philosophical Research, Summer, No. 23.
7. Beheshti, Ahmad and Momeni, Mustafa, (2007), "The Principle of Basit Al Haghighah and its Applications in Transcendent Wisdom", Modern Religious Thought, Autumn, No. 10.
8. Dadbeh, Asghar, (1991), "Al-Nafs Kol Al-Ghova", Farhang Quarterly, No. 8.
9. Eftekhari Saadi, Abdolhossein, (2006), "Rereading the Principle of Basit Al Haghighah in Mulla Sadra's Thoughtline", Philosophical Essays, Autumn & Winter, No. 8.
10. Hali, Jamal al-Din Hassan Ibn Yusuf, (2003), Kashf Al Morad: Commentary on Tajrid Al Etaghad, second edition, Qom: Al-Imam Al-Sadiq Institute.
11. Ibn Sina, Hussein Ibn Abdullah, (1982), Al-Shifa (Theology), edited by Saeed Zayed Al Ab Al-Qanawati, introduction by Ibrahim Madkour, Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Library.
12. Jamalzadeh, Abdolreza, (1996), "The Position and application 'Basit Al Haghighah Kol Al Ashia'", Kayhan Andisheh, April & May , No. 53.
13. Javadi Amoli, Abdullah, (1989) A Commentary on Al Hekmat Al Motaaliyah fi Asfar Al Arba'a, Qom: Al-Zahra.
14. Kalbasi Ashtari, Hossein, (2007), "The Soul and its Becoming in the Transcendent Wisdom", Sadra Kheradnameh, Fall, No. 49.
15. Khorsandian, Mohammad Ali, (2007),"The Principle of Basit Al Haghighah and its Applications in Sadraei Wisdom", Religious Thought, Summer, No. 23.
16. Lahiji, Fayyaz (Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad Sadegh), (2007), A Commentary on Al Mashaer Treatise, Qom: Boustan Kitab.
17. Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi, (1996), A Commentary on Asfar, Vol. 8, research and writing by Mohammad Saeedi Mehr, Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute.
18. Mo'meni, Nasser and Ganjoor, Mehdi, (2012), "Modeling the Human Soul with God in Mulla Sadra Viewpoint", Wisdom and Philosophy, Year 8, Spring, No. 1.
19. Mo'meni, Mostafa and Javarshkian, Abbas, (2013), "The Principle of Basit Al Haghighah and its Applications in Transcendent Wisdom", Sadra Kheradnameh, No. 72.
20. Najafi Rudbari, Rezvaneh and Shirvani, Ali.  (2014), "The Evolution of the Soul from the Perspective of Mulla Sadra", Religion Wisdom, Spring, No. 19.
21. Ragheb Esfahani, Hussein Ibn Mohammad, (2004), Mofradat Alfaz Quran, translation and research by Gholamreza Khosravi Isfahani, Tehran: Al Maktab Al Mortazaviah le Ehia Asar Al-Jafariah.
22. Sadr al-Din Shirazi, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (Mulla Sadra), (1982), Asrar Al Ayat va Anvar Al Bayenat, introduction and edition by Mohammad Khajavi, Tehran: Association of Islamic Wisdom and Philosophy.
23. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1987), Interpretation of The Holy Quran, vols. 1, 3 and 7, second edition, Qom: Bidar.
24. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1981), Al-Hekmat Al-Muta'aliyyah fi Al-Asfar Al-Aqliyah Al-Arba'a, commentary by Allameh Tabatabai, Vol. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9, third edition, Beirut: Dar Ihyaa Al-Tarath Al-Arabi.
25. --- (Mulla Sadra), (2008), Three Philosophical Treatises (Similarities of the Qur'an - Holy Issues - Answers to Questions), commentary and edition by Seyed Jalaladdin Ashtiani, third edition, Qom: Islamic Development Office.
26. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1981), Al Shavahed Al Robubiah fi Manahej Al Solukiah, commentary and introduction by Seyed Jalaluddin Ashtiani, second edition, Tehran: University Publishing Center.
27. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1982), Al-Arshieh, edited by Gholam Hossein Ahani, Tehran: Moula.
28. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1975), Al Mabda va Al Maad, Tehran: Iranian Wisdom and Philosophy Association.
29. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1998), Collected Philosophical Treatises of Sadr al-Muta'allehin, research and edition by Hamed Naji Isfahani, second edition, Tehran: Hekmat Publications.
30. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1981), Al Mashaer, translation and commentary by Imam Qoli ibn Mohammad Ali Emad Al-Dawlah, second edition, Tehran:
31. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1999), Al Mazaher Al Elahiah fi Asrar Al Olum Al Kamaliah, edition and commentary by Sayyid Mohammad Khamenei, Tehran: Sadra.
32. --- (Mulla Sadra), (1984), Mafatih Al Gheyb, commentary by Mullah Ali Nouri, edition and introduction by Mohammad Khajavi, Tehran: Institute of Research and Cultural Studies.
33. Sabzevari, Haj Mulla Hadi, (2004), Asrar Al Hekam fi Al Moftatah va Al Mokhtatam, introduction by Shahid Sadoughi and edited by Karim Feizi, Qom: Religious Press.
34. Sabzevari, Haj Mulla Hadi, (1990), Sharh Al Manzumah, edition and commentary by Ayatollah Hassanzadeh Amoli, research and Presentation by Massoud Talebi, Tehran: Nab.
35. Salavati, Abdullah, (2010), "The Soul and its Powers in of Aristotle, Ibn Sina and Sadr al-Din Shirazi Viewpoints", Monthly of Philosophy, No. 39.
36. Sharif, Zahra, (2010), "Explanation of the Principle of Basit Al Haghighah and its Two Different Aspects in the Sadraei System", Philosophical-Theological Research, Spring & Summer, No. 43.
37. Tabae' Izadi, Mokhtar, (2004), "Analysing the Power of Soul in Philosophy", Journal of Sadra, Winter, No. 39.
38. Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad Hossein, (1985), Principles of Philosophy and Method of Realism, commentary by Morteza Motahari, second Edition, Tehran: Sadra.
39. Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad Hossein, (2004), Nehayat Al Hekmat, translation and commentary by Ali Shirvani, vol. 3, fifth edition, Qom: Boustan Kitab.
40. Taheri, Ishaq, (2007), The Soul and its Powers in Aristotle, Ibn Sina and Sadr al-Din Shirazi Viewpoints, Qom: Boustan Kitab.
41. Tusi, Nasir al-Din, (1996), Commentary on Al Esharat va Al Tanbihat, Qom: Nashr al-Balaghah.