The unity of the ultimate goal of man in Mulla Sadra's opinions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Department of Islamic Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Ethics, Faculty of Theology and Islamic studies, Qom University, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

The discussion of the final goal of man, which is discussed in the Aristotelian tradition and Hikmat Mashai as happiness, is discussed in the works of Muslim sages with other definitions such as final perfection. The main question of this article is whether the main desire and therefore the existential ultimate goal of all human beings is to reach a single state of affairs, or do different people have different ultimate goals according to their different abilities and talents? In the ethics of Plato and Aristotle, the principle of the unity of the ultimate goal of man is accepted based on "Ergon argument", but it is also accepted that many human beings are unable to cultivate virtues, due to various reasons, including the lack of external goods (Elitism in ethics). According to Mulla Sadra, each person has a special happiness or ultimate perfection according to his/her ability and talent. Of course, the differences in ultimate perfection, in Mulla Sadra's opinion, are more related to the difference between human intellects and not external goods; but existential differences and consequently differences in the final perfection of people do not cause any special social or legal privileges.

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References

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Journal of Religious Thought : A Quarterly Journal of Shiraz University
Volume 23, Issue 88 - Serial Number 88
November 2023
Pages 97-116

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