A Defense of internalism by relying on sadras epistemology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University of Esfahan

2 Isfahan university.

Abstract

The internalism/externalism controversy has various expanding features in contemporary epistemology. In this article we try to show capabilities of philosophy of Sadra for interfering in this debate. The main goal is to rely on principles of Sadra and defend a kind of internalism that consider cognitive access to factors needed for a belief to be epistemically justified as a pivotal condition. It will be proved that for defense of any knowledge, we should accept immediate and direct knowledge to states of mind and this knowledge is superior from threefold propositional knowledge and merely with reliance on division knowledge to present knowledge and propositional knowledge internalism is defensible. Indeed, some ambiguities in internalism/ externalism controversy is due to inattention properties of present knowledge and its separation from propositional knowledge. After that as respects to those properties and also reliance on division knowledge to simple and compound we answer three main difficulties internalism face and display solution for internalist´s contra examples.
 

Keywords

References

1. Alston, William P., (1976), “Self-Warrant: A Neglected Form of Privileged Access”, American Philosophical Quarterly, 13, Pp. 257-272.
 
2. Alston, William P., (1986), “Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology”, Philosophical Topics, 14, Pp. 179-221.
 
3. Bergmann, Michael, )2006(, Justification without Awareness: A Defense of Epistemic Externalism, Oxford: Oxford University of Press.
 
4. BonJour, Laurence, (2009), Epistemology Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses, New York.
5. BonJour, Laurence, (2002), “Internalism and Externalism”, In: The Oxford Handbook of Epistemology, Paul K. Moser (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. BonJour, Laurence, (2010), “Recent Work on the Internalism–Externalism Controversy”, A Companion to Epistemology, Singapore: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
7. BonJour, Laurence, (1980), “Externalist Theories of Empirical Knowledge”, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 5: Studies in Epistemology, Pp. 285-296.
8. BonJour, Laurence, (2004), “C. I. Lewis on the Given and Its Interpretation”, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, XXVIII, Pp. 95-109.
 
9. BonJour, Laurence, Depaul, Michael, (1387 S.H.), R. Resurrecting Old-fashioned Foundationalism, translated by Raza Sadqi, Qom: Olom and Farhang Islami Institute. [In Persian].
10. Chisholm, Roderick, (1989), Theory of knowledge, Third Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc.
11. Conee, E. and Feldman, R. (2001), “Internalism Defended”, In: H. Kornblith (ed.), Epistemology: Internalism and Externalism, Malden, MA: Blackwell.
 
12. Copleston, Frederick Charles, (1388 S.H.), History of Philosophy, translated by Jalaluddin A'lam, Tehran: Elmi and Farhangi Publications. [In Persian].
 
 
13. Fumerton, Richard, (1995), “Metaepistemology and Normative Epistemology” In: Metaepistemology and skepticism, Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.
 
14. Fumerton, Richard, (2007), Epistemology, translated by Jalal Pi Kani, Tehran: Hekmat Publications. [In Persian].
 
15. Goldman, Alvin I., (1999), “Internalism Exposed”, the Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 96, No. 6, Pp. 271-293.
 
16. Goldman, Alvin I., (1980), “The Internalist Conception of Epistemic Justification”, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 5: Studies in Epistemology, Pp. 27-51.
 
17. Kant, Immanuel, (1988), Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will Be Able to Present Itself as a Science, translated by Ghulam Ali Haddad Adel, Tehran: Nashr Danshgahi. [In Persian].
 
18. Kim, Kihyeon, (1993), “Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology”, American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 4, Pp. 303-316.
 
19. Lemos, Noah, (2007), An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 
20. Moser, Paul (1985), Empirical justification, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Kluwer Boston Inc.
 
21. Mulla Sadra, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, (1981), Al-Hakim al-Mutalliyyah Fi al-Asfar al-Arbae, Beirut: Dar Al-ahia al-Torath al- Arabi. [In Arabic].
 
22. Plantinga, A., (1993), Warrant and Proper Function, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 
23. Pojman, Louis P., (2000), An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge, Nashville: Thomson Learning.
 
24. Sellars, W., (1997), Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind, Cambridge; Mass: Harvard University Press.
 
25. Tabatabaei, Mohammad Hossein, (2007), Nahit Al – Hikma, Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational Institute. [In Persian].
 
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics