The Fourth Dimension of the World of Nature in Mulla Sadra’s Philosophy and Relativity Theory of Einstein

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 University of Esfahan

2 Associate Prof., Dep. of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Isfahan University

3 Associate Prof., Dep. of Physical Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology

Abstract

.
One of the challenges faced by philosophers throughout history of philosophical thoughts, has always been and is to find an adequate answer to the question of quiddity and existence of time and space. Thus, the present study aims to elaborate on the question of space and time in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy and its relationship with outcomes of modern physics. The study also intends to conduct an analytical comparison between these two views and clarify newer aspects of this complicated and vague question. According to principles of his thought system in his ontology and particularly his theory of substantial motion, Mulla Sadra’s view toward time has a closer concordance with findings of modern physicists like Albert Einstein. One of the most noticeable achievements of the present paper, considering ontological view of Mulla Sadra toward time, is to reach a comprehensive and vast view of the question of space and time covering space-time approach of theory of relativity and having the common issue of time in mind, develops an image of unity and connectivity of the world of nature with the four dimensions. The present study uses a documentary analysis research and uses library resources. The prominent works of Mulla Sadra and Einstein’ works on the Theory of Relativity were the main sources for this study. It is hoped that this view not only reveals further philosophical aspects of the issue of time but also help uncover newer approaches for physicists.
 

Keywords

References

Aleksandrov A. D. (1982). Space and Time in Modern Physics. Hodhod Scientific and Cultural Monthly. Year 4. Vol. 5. Pp. 426- 447.
Averroes. (1369 Hijri). Al-Sama Al-Tabeii. Traetises. Heidarabad Dakan.
Avicenna. (1405 Hijri). The Book of Healing. 3 Volumes. Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Publishing Center.
Squires E. J. (1997). The mystery of the quantum world. Translated by Kamalaldin Seyed Yaghoobi. Tehran: Soroosh Publication.
Ellise G. Williams R. (1997).  Flat and Curved Space-Times. Translated by Yousef Amirarjmand. Tehran: Nashre Daneshgahi
Einstein A. (1963). Scientific Papers of Einstein. Translated by Mohammad Mosaheb. Tehran: Pirooz
Einstein. A. (1973). Relativity. Translated by Hassan Mortazavian & Masood Heidari Noori. Tehran: Kavian Publications
Einstein A. (1983). Relativity: The Special and the General Theory. Translated by Mohammadreza Khajepoor. Tehran: Kharazmi Publications
Bardon. A. (2017). A Brief History of the Philosophy of Time. Translated by Mohammadhossein Veghar. Tehran: Etelaat Institute.
Baker. J. (2013). Effective Theories in Physics. Translated by Maedeh Fazlali Zadeh and Mahdi Khakain Ghomi. Tehran: Sabzan
Jeans J. H. (1965). Physics and Philosophy. Translated by Aligholi Bayani. Tehran: Book Publishing Institute.
Hosseini Ardakani, Ahmad Bin Mohammad. (1996). Mer’at ol-Akvan. Interpretation of the Book Hedayat by Mulla Sadra. Introduction, Correction and Interpretation by Abdollah Noorani. Tehran: Written Heritage
Hakim, Ahmad; Sharif Isfahani, Mahmood. (2006). Time in Physcis and Islamic Philosophy. Journal of Letter of Science and Religion. Vol. 33- 36. Pp. 59- 78.
Khoshtinat, Valiollah; Safavizadeh, Shabnam. (2015). Comparative Study of the Concept of Time in Mulla Sadra’s Views and Relativity Theories of Physics. Hekmat Sadraei Bi-Quarterly. Year 4. Vol. 1. Fall and Winter. Pp. 25- 36.
Dirac, P. A. M. (1982). General Theory of Relativity. Translated by Jafar Goodarzi. Tehran: Nashre Daneshgahi Institute.
Disalle, R. (2013). Understanding Space-Time. Translated by Roham Ansari Mehr. Tehran: Nashre Daneshgahi Institute.
Rahimian, Saeid. (1995). Physics and Philosophy II. Keihan Andisheh Quarterly. Vol. 63. February and March. Pp. 93- 122
Mulla Sadra. (1990). The Transcendent theosophy in the Four Journeys of the Intellect. 9 Volumes. 4th Vol. Beirut: Dar al-Hayat al-Torath Al-Arabi
Mulla Sadra. (1999). Huduth al-‘alam. Corrected and Researched by Dr. Seyed Hasan Moosavian. Tehran: Hekmat Sadra Fund.
Mulla Sadra. (2014). Sharh al-hidayah. 2 Volumes. Tehran: Hekmat Sadra Fund.
Taheri, Seyed Sadr al-Din; Kalbasi Ashtari, Hossein; Bankipoor Mofrad, Amirhossein. (2009). The Possibility of Fifth Dimension and Theories Concerning It. Journal of Scientific and Philosophical Understanding and Assessment. 5th Year. Vol. 1. Pp. 61- 82
Tabataba'I, Muhammad Husayn. (1997). Translation of Bedayat al-Hikma. Qom
Tabataba'I, Muhammad Husayn. (1998). Translation and Interpretation of Nahayat al-Hikma. Translated by Ali Shirvani. 3 Volumes. 2nd Ed. Qom: Boostan Ketab
Tabataba'I, Muhammad Husayn. (2009). Translation and Interpretation of Bedayat al-Hikma. 4 Volumes. 11th Ed. Qom: Boostane Ketab.
Tabataba'I, Muhammad Husayn. (2014). Origin of Philosophy. 3rd Ed. Qom: Boostane Ketab.
Abedi Shahroodi, Ali. (2001). Time and Space in Physics and Metaphysics. 2 Volumes. Qom: University of Qom (Eshragh Publication)
Oboodiytat, Abdol-Rasool. (2001). Introduction to Islamic Philosophy. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational Research Institute
Oboodiyat, Abdol-Rasool. (2006). Introduction to Mulla Sadra’s Thought System. Vol. 1. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational Research Institute
Oboodiyat, Abdol-Rasool. (2014). Mulla Sadra’s Theosophy according to Allameh Tabataba'I (6th Stage: Discssion on Essence). Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational Research Institute
Oboodiyat, Abdol-Rasool. (2018). Mulla Sadra’s Theosophy according to Allameh Tabataba'I (6th Stage: Relational Accidents). Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational Research Institute
Ashriyeh, Rahman; Esmaeili, Mohammadali; Ashriyeh, Hamed. (2017). Comparative Study on Motion and Time in Views of Mulla Sadra and Albert Einstein. Hekmat Eslami Sciece and Research Quarterly. 4th Year. Vol. 2. Pp. 125- 149
Capra, Fritjof. (1987). The Tao of Physics. Translated by Habibollah Dadfarma. Tehran: Keihan Publications
Kandi, Abu-Ishaq Bin Yaghoob. (1950). Philosophical Treatises. Attempted by Mohammad Abdol-Hadi. Abu-Reideh: Cairo
Gamow, George. (1978). One, Two, Three...Infinity. Translated by Ahmad Birashk. 6th Ed. Tehran: Naghsh Jahan.
Mach.E, 1907, The Science of Mechanics, The open Court Publishing Company.
Mesbah YAzdi, Mohammad Taghi. (2012). Teaching Philosophy. 2 Volumes. 13th Ed. Tehran: BEinol-Melal Printing Co.
Motahari, Morteza. (2011). Collection of Works. 27 Volumes. 15th Ed. Tehran, Qom: Sadra
Motahari, Morteza. (2013). Introductory Philosophy. Research and Compilation by Abdol-Rasool Oboodiyat. Tehran: SAMT Publication.
Newton, I. (1726 [1999]), The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, transl. I. B. Cohen and A. Whitman. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hawking, Stephen William. (1990). A Brief History of Time. Translated by Habibollah Dadfarma and Zohreh Dadfarma. Tehran: Keihan Publications
Hawking, Stephen William. (2012). The Universe in a Nutshell. Translated by Mohammad Ghasa’. 4th Ed. Mashhad: Astan Ghods Razavi Pub.
 
 
Journal of Religious Thought : A Quarterly Journal of Shiraz University
Volume 20, Issue 77 - Serial Number 77
February 2021
Pages 99-126

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics